| Biography | Arthur James Cook (22 November 1883 2 November 1931), known as A. J. Cook, was a British coal miner and trade union leader. He is remembered as one of the United Kingdom's best known miners leaders and a key component of the National Minority Movement (NMM) around the General Strike of 1926.
at the age of 18 Cook moved to Porth in South Wales, and later to Merthyr Tydfil, to find work in the coal mines; he also was a Baptist preacher in the local chapel. It was in this mining town where Cook first became involved in politics, committing active service to the Independent Labour Party (ILP). He first came to prominence in the Cambrian Coal Dispute in 1910 and went on to active involvement in the Miners' Unofficial Reform Committee which published the famous syndicalist pamphlet 'The Miners' Next Step' in 1912. The pamphlet argued that the left needed to organize from below to gain control of the leadership of the union.
Cook opposed World War I and in March 1918 was arrested and charged with sedition under the Defence of the Realm Act. He was sentenced to three months' imprisonment.
Having established a reputation as a left-winger, Cook spent the next ten years following through on this initiative; finally getting elected as the secretary of the South Wales Miners' Federation in 1921 and spending another brief period in prison in the same year for incitement and unlawful assembly. In 1924 the Miners' Minority Movement was able to force Frank Hodges to resign his union office, and thus an election was held to determine the next leader of the movement. The South Wales Miners Federation nominated AJ Cook to replace him, and he beat Joseph Jones for the post by 217,664 votes to 202,297. Cook was then 39 years old.
On learning of his election, Trades Union Congress general secretary Fred Bramley exploded in outrage against Cook's election, claiming him to be a raving Communist. Regardless, he was General Secretary of the Miners Federation of Great Britain from 1924 until 1931, a period that included the 1926 General Strike, about which he wrote the pamphlet "The Nine Days". He was also elected as secretary of the International Miners' Federation.
Although a member of the Independent Labour Party, Cook worked closely with the Communist Party after its formation in 1920 and the National Minority Movement from 1924 to 1929. Arthur Horner, a leading South Wales Communist and mining militant described Cook's tenure as General Secretary as a time for new ideas an agitator, a man with a sense of adventure. |