| Biography | Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH (14 April 1889 22 October 1975) was a British historian, philosopher of history, research professor of International History at the London School of Economics and the University of London and author of numerous books. Toynbee in the 19181950 period was a leading specialist on international affairs.
He is best known for his 12-volume A Study of History (193461). With his endless output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was perhaps the worlds most read and discussed scholar in the 1940s and 1950s. Yet Toynbee's work lost favor among both the general public and scholars by the 1960s, due to the religious and spiritual outlook that permeates the largest part of his work. His work is considered today controversial and is seldom read or cited. |