Astronomy and Navigation On the far left of this panel, three shepherds keep watch over their flock throughout the night, studying the stars above them. Next, a Greek philosopher talks with his pupil. To their right, the great astronomer and philosopher Galileo can be seen instructing students of astronomy, studying the skies through a telescope. To his right is a newer version of the telescope, illustrating the development of the science. Next, Navigation is illustrated by sailors using the stars to guide their course. A lighthouse on the far right reminds us how far we have come since sailors could only sail by daylight, or using the guiding lights of lighthouses by night. c1869-1870