Person Open DS/UK/6834 Alexander II of Russia; Emperor (29 April 1818-13 March 1881); Russian Emperor, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland Alexander II of Russia Emperor 29 April 1818-13 March 1881 Russian Emperor, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland Male (cisgender) Moscow, Russia (born)

Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (died)

Russian Royalty | Russia, Poland, Finland | Emperor, King, Grand Duke White No known disability No known religious affiliation Son of Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia Heterosexual Alexander II was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator. The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment, promoting local self-government through the zemstvo system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education. After an assassination attempt in 1866, Alexander adopted a somewhat more reactionary stance until his death. Alexander pivoted towards foreign policy and sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, fearing the remote colony would fall into British hands if there were another war. He sought peace, moved away from bellicose France when Napoleon III fell in 1871, and in 1872 joined with Germany and Austria in the League of the Three Emperors that stabilized the European situation. Despite his otherwise pacifist foreign policy, he fought a brief war with the Ottoman Empire in 1877–78, leading to the independence of the Bulgarian, Montenegrin, Romanian and Serbian states, pursued further expansion into Far East and the Caucasus, and conquered Turkestan, also approving plans leading to the Circassian genocide. Although disappointed by the results of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Alexander abided by that agreement. Among his greatest domestic challenges was an uprising in Poland in 1863, to which he responded by stripping that land of its separate constitution and incorporating it directly into Russia. Alexander was proposing additional parliamentary reforms to counter the rise of nascent revolutionary and anarchistic movements when he was assassinated in 1881. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia (2022) International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) 2nd edition - ICA 2004 ISBN 2-9521932-2-3 National Council on Archives, Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997 Yes Family, Sexuality and Relationships: In 1839, when his parents sent him on a tour of Europe, he met twenty-year-old Queen Victoria and both were enamored of each other. Simon Sebag Montefiore speculates that a small romance emerged. Such a marriage, however, would not work, as Alexander was not a minor prince of Europe and was in line to inherit a throne himself. RAHSkeyte 8/14/2013 RAHAKirkbride 10/25/2023 4f186b7b-7ac2-4e3a-a103-8c4672ed3cde